DAILY GK: 24 APRIL 2021

 DAILY GK: 24 APRIL 2021

1.PBOC REPORT DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH

•     According to a report by People’s Bank of China (PBOC), China’s Central Bank, India’s Demographic Advantage (% of Younger Population) will overtake China’s Demographic Advantage by 2035.

•     The reason for the fall in China’s Demographic Advantage is due to its strict Birth policies, which has created the problems of ageing population and a declining work-force.

•     India has one of the youngest populations in an ageing world.

•     Around 90% of its population are under the age of 60, out of which ~ 35% is under 19 years old.

 

2.ASIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2021

•     The Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference 2021 took place in Boao, South China’s Hainan Province.

•     Theme – A World in Change : Join Hands to Strengthen Global Governance and Advance Belt and Road Cooperation.

•     Participants – Around 2500 participants from 60 countries participated in the event.

•     Asian Leaders such as Moon Jae-in, President of South Korea, Joko Widodo, President of Indonesia, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, President of Sri Lanka & Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh virtually participated in the meeting.

•     Report released – During the meeting,an annual report on Asian Economy was released.

•     Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) is a Non-Profit Organisation formed in 2001.

•     It was initiated by 25 Asian countries & Australia (increased to 28 in 2006).

•     India is also a member of BFA.

 

3.NDB ISSUED USD 1.5 BILLION BENCHMARK BOND

•     New Development Bank (NDB) of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) issued a USD 1.5 billion benchmark bond with 5 years of maturity.

•     This is the 3rd USD benchmark bond offering of NDB in the international markets.

•     Purpose: NDB will use the total earnings of the Bond for financing sustainable development activities and to provide COVID-19 Emergency Program Loans to the member countries (BRICS).

 

4.WORLD’S 1ST QR ON CARD PROGRAM TO SUPPORT SMES

•     The Mastercard and Bank of Baroda Financial Solutions (BFSL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bank of Baroda came together to launch World’s 1st QR on Card Program, ‘ConQR’ – a Mastercard QR on Card solution to simplify digital payments of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

 

5.RBI CANCELLED THE LICENCE OF BHAGYODAYA FRIENDS UCB

•     The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cancelled the license of Bhagyodaya Friends Urban Co-operative Bank Limited, Maharashtra in April 2021, as the bank doesn’t have adequate capital to fund its depositors in full and as it did not comply with the various provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

•     Restriction: After the license has been cancelled, the bank is prohibited from acceptance of deposits and repayment of deposits.

•     Paying the depositors (as per the provisions of the DICGC Act, 1961)

 

6.NELSON MANDELA WORLD HUMANITARIAN AWARD 2021

•     Rumana Sinha Sehgal, Software engineer turned entrepreneur from Hyderabad, Telangana, won the Nelson Mandela World Humanitarian Award 2021 by the Diplomatic Mission Global Peace.

•     She was virtually awarded for her contribution to the field of developing innovative and functional green products by recycling varied materials and non biodegradable materials.

 

7.FIRST INDIAN WOMAN TO SCALE MT ANNAPURNA

•     A 28-year-old Priyanka Mohite from Maharashtra becomes the first Indian woman to scale Mt Annapurna(8,091 metres), the 10th highest mountain peak in the world.

•     She also climbed the world’s highest peak Mount Everest (8,849 metres) in 2013, Mount Lhotse (8,516 metres) in 2018, Mount Makalu (8,485 metres) and also Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 metres) in 2016.

•     Annapurna is a massif in the Himalayas located in Nepal.

 

8.1ST WOMAN CHAIRPERSON OF NASSCOM

•     Accenture India’s Chairperson and Senior Managing Director Rekha Menon has been appointed as the Chairman of IT industrial body ,National Association of Software and Services Companies(NASSCOM) for 2021-22.

•     Krishnan Ramanujan,President and Head of Business & Technology Services,

•     Tata Consultancy Services(TCS) has been appointed as the Vice Chairperson for 2021-22.

 

9.PART-TIME CHAIRMAN OF HDFC BANK

•     As per the information received from HDFC bank , the Reserve Bank of India(RBI) has approved the appointment of Atanu Chakraborty as the part-time Chairman of the bank.

•     He has been appointed for a period of 3 years with effect from May 5 ,2021 or the date of his taking charge ,whichever is later.

 

10.ROSCOSMOS TO LAUNCH ITS OWN SPACE STATION BY 2025

•     Roscosmos, the Space Agency of Russia is set to launch its own Space Station in 2025.

•     Roscosmos’s work on the first module of the new space station is in progress.

•     The space module is being assembled by the Energia corporation with the cost estimation of 5 billion USD.

•     This is associated with Moscow’s consideration of withdrawing from the International Space Station(ISS)programme as its agreement with the international partners expires in 2024.

 

11.1ST SET OF LIGHT BULLETPROOF VEHICLES TO IAF

•     Hinduja Group owned Ashok Leyland delivered the first batch of Light BulletProof Vehicles (LBPV) to the Indian Air Force (IAF).

•     The LBPVs have been developed using ‘Transfer of Technology’ from Lockheed Martin to Ashok Leyland.

 

12.WORLD BOOK AND COPYRIGHT DAY 2021

•     World Book and Copyright Day is annually observed across the globe on 23rd April to promote the benefits of reading, publishing and copyright.

•     The annual observance of the world book and copyright day is organised by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

 

13. ‘COVID EMERGENCY LOAN SCHEME’

•     Haryana Government has launched the ‘Haryana COVID Emergency Loan Scheme’ for new and old entrepreneurs supplying medicines, oxygen and other medical facilities to COVID-19 patients in the state.

•     It has allocated a fund of INR 500 Crore for this purpose.

•     The interest on the loan taken by the bank will be borne by the State government for one year.

•     The Haryana government also approved the ‘HARIHAR’ (Homeless Abandoned and Surrendered Children Rehabilitation Initiative Haryana) policy.

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DAILY GK: 22,23 APRIL 2021

 DAILY GK: 22,23 APRIL 2021

1.INSURANCE SCHEME UNDER PMGKP EXTENDED FOR 1 MORE YEAR

•      The Central Government has extended the Insurance scheme under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) for Health workers fighting COVID-19 for a period of one year.

•      It was announced by the Government as part of its INR 1.7 Lakh Crore COVID-19 relief package.

•      The insurance scheme provides an insurance cover of INR 50 Lakh to health workers fighting COVID-19 & for those who lost their lives on account of COVID-19 duty, it lapsed on March 24, 2021.

•      The scheme is implemented by New India Assurance (NIA) Company Limited.

 

2.GENDER SAMVAAD LAUNCHED

•      The event Gender Samvaad was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development’s  Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana National Rural Livelihood Mission(DAY-NRLM) to create  awareness about gender related interventions.

•      The Event was launched as a part of the Azadi ka Amrut Mahotsav.

 

3.1ST COUNTRY TO RATIFY FREE TRADE AGREEMENT RCEP

•      Singapore ratified the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), with this it became the 1st Participating country to ratify the RCEP, which is the World’s Largest Free Trade Agreement (FTA).

•      RCEP is an initiative led by China, India had pulled out of the pact in 2019.

•      In November 2020, 15 Asia -Pacific countries including 10 members of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and their 5 Free Trade Agreement (FTA) partners China, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand and Australia signed the RCEP.

 

4.INDIA ELECTED TO 3 BODIES OF UN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

•      India has been elected by acclamation (a form of election that does not use a ballot) to 3 bodies of the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

•      It has been elected to the 3 bodies for a 3-year term beginning January 1, 2022.

•      Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ)

•      Executive Board of the UN Entity for Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women (UN Women)

•      Executive Board of the World Food Programme (WFP)

 

5.BITE FIRST CRYPTOCURRENCY EXCHANGE TO PROVIDE INVESTMENT DECLARATION

•      Bitex, the UAE based Cryptocurrency exchange, has announced its issuing of investment declaration reports for all its retail and institutional investors in compliance with the amendments made to the Companies Act 2013, by which it became the first Cryptocurrency exchange in India to provide such reports.

•      The report will contain information about what the investors have sold or bought, hence, it will act as proof of the exact money the investors made or lost while trading in cryptocurrencies to tax authorities.

 

6.NEOBANK FI FOR MILLENNIALS

•      Sujith Narayanan and Sumit Gwalani , co-creators of Google Pay have announced the launch of Fi,a NeoBank for salaried millennials in partnership with Federal Bank.

•      Fi’s android app will start operation from 21st April 2021 and its iOS app is still in processing and will be launched soon.

 

7.ICC DEVELOPMENT AWARDS FOR 2020

•      The International Cricket Council (ICC) announced Argentina, Brazil, Uganda and Vanuatu as the global winners of the ICC Development Awards for 2020 for their contribution to cricket through different exceptional programmes in 2020.

•      ICC Development Award 2020:

Award Category	Awardee	Awardee’s Contribution to the game
ICC Development Initiative of the Year	Cricket Argentina	Attracted local audiences in South America to cricket
100% Cricket Female Cricket Initiative of the Year	Cricket Brazil	Developed women’s game in South America
ICC Digital Fan Engagement of the Year Association	Vanuatu Cricket	Provided cricket to fans during the pandemic
Cricket 4 Good Social Impact Initiative of the Year	Uganda Cricket Association	Supported their players, volunteers and their families through a COVID-19 relief programme

 

8.EX RBI GOVERNOR M NARASIMHAM PASSES AWAY

•      13th Reserve Bank of India(RBI) Governor Maidavolu Narasimham passed away at Hyderabad due to Covid-19.

•      He was born on 3rd June 1927 in Guntur,Andhra Pradesh.

•      M Narasimham was popularly known as The Father of  Banking sector reforms in India for his contribution to the Indian banking and financial sector.

•      He also served as the Executive director in World Bank and in International Monetary Fund.

•      He also served as the Vice President of Asian Development Bank(ADB).

 

9.WORLD CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION DAY 2021

•      The United Nations(UN)’s World Creativity and Innovation Day is annually observed across the globe on 21st April to create awareness about the role of creativity and innovation in all the aspects of human development.

 

10.NATIONAL CIVIL SERVICES DAY 2021

•      The National Civil Services Day is annually observed across India on 21st April to acknowledge and appreciate the contribution of the civil servants towards ensuring the seamless functioning of the public administration.

 

11.  INDIA’S DEMOGRAPHIC ADVANTAGE TO OVERTAKE CHINA’S BY 2035

•      China’s demographic transition owing particularly to its stricter birth policies has grappled it with the problem of ageing population and dwindling work-force.

•      A report released by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), China’s central bank, said that China should immediately liberalize its birth policies to tackle the problems of an ageing population and plan to compete economically with a demographically young India and an immigration-friendly US.

 

12. RAILWAY AWARDED FOR MAYUR SHELKE FOR EXEMPLARY ACT OF BRAVERY

•      Railway Minister Piyush Goyal has announced a 50 thousand rupees award for Mayur Shelke for exemplary acts of bravery.

•      Mayur showed exceptional courage in saving a precious life by rescuing a child who had slipped and fallen on the tracks from the platform.

 

13. 5TH GLOBAL FORUM ON TB VACCINE VIRTUALLY

•      Dr Harsh Vardhan addressed the 5th Global Forum on TB Vaccines virtually from 20th April to 22nd April 2021.

•      The forum is convened by Stop TB Partnership Working Group on New Vaccines in association with International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) & TuBerculosis Vaccine Initiative (TBVI).

•      Union Minister Harsh Vardhan called upon the global community to ensure fundings to develop the TB vaccine by 2023 and to eradicate TB in India by 2025 and globally before 2030.

•      Lakshadweep became the 1st TB Free Union Territory in India.Budgam district of Jammu and Kashmir(J&K) 1st TB Free District of India.

 

14.‘FORM-BASED CODES’ FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAY LAND

•      The Indian Railways Station Development Corporation (IRSDC) has developed 1st of its kind ‘Form-based codes’ for commercial development of railway lands.

•      The initiative aims to transform railway lands or railway station areas into Railopolis.

 

15.WORLD CITIES CULTURAL FORUM 2021

•      Arvind Kejriwal, Chief Minister of Delhi will be representing Delhi and India at the World Cities Cultural Forum (WCCF) 2021.

•      The Forum comprises 40 world cities including London, Tokyo and New York.

•      The WCCF 2021 Forum was hosted by London.

•      The theme of WCCF 2021 is “The Future of Culture”.

 

16.WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 2021

•      India with a score of 46.56 retained 142nd Rank (out of 180 countries) in the World Press Freedom Index 2021 released by international journalism not-for-profit body, Reporters Sans Frontiers (RSF) (also known as Reporters Without Borders).

•      The index was topped by Norway (for the 5th time), followed by Finland & Sweden.

•      India has been classified as a country with a ‘bad’ environment for Press Freedom, it shared the classification with Brazil, Mexico & Russia.

 

17.GLOBAL ENERGY TRANSITION INDEX 2021

•      India with a score of 53 has been ranked 87th (out of 115 countries) in the Global Energy Transition Index (ETI) 2021 released by World Economic Forum (WEF) in its report ‘Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2021’ edition.

•      The index was topped by Sweden, Norway & Denmark.

•      The report has been prepared by WEF in partnership with Accenture.

 

18.FIRSTRAND BANK TO EXIT INDIA

•      FirstRand Bank , the second largest bank in South Africa has decided to withdraw its banking services from India just within a week of Citi banks exit.

 medium enterprises only in 2012.

 

19.LG ELECTRONICS CLOSES DOWN MOBILE PHONE BUSINESS

•      South Korea’s LG Electronics has announced that it is closing down its mobile phone business unit worldwide after nearly six years of losses totalling $4.5 billion. The decision was approved by its board of directors April 2021.

 

20.INDIA’S CAG  G C MURMU APPOINTED EXTERNAL AUDITOR OF OPCW

•      India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) Girish Chandra Murmu has been appointed as External Auditor of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) for a three-year term starting 2021.

•      India was also selected as a member of the Executive council of the OPCW representing the Asia group for another 2-year term.

 

21.4TH KHELO INDIA YOUTH GAMES 2021

•      Haryana is set to host the 4th edition of theKhelo India Youth Games 2021, which will be held from 21st November 2021 to 5th December 2021 at Panchkula, Ambala, Shahabad, Delhi and Chandigarh.

•      This will be the first time that the Khelo India Youth games are held away from the January window and in multiple cities.

•      Some of the (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – BRICS) BRICS Games 2021 will also be organised during Khelo India Games.

 

22.INTERNATIONAL MOTHER EARTH DAY 2021

•      The United Nations(UN)’s International Mother Earth Day has been observed annually across the globe on 22nd April since 2009.

•      The day aims to create awareness about the deteriorating environment,to protect the people’s livelihood and to stop the biodiversity decline.

•      The theme of the Earth Day 2021 is “Restore Our Earth”.

 

23.COVISHIELD TO COST RS 400 FOR STATE GOVT HOSPITALS

•      Serum Institute of India has announced the price for its COVISHIELD vaccine for State governments and Private Hospitals in the country.

•      The Vaccine will cost 400 rupees per dose for the state governments whereas Private Hospitals will have to pay 600 rupees for each dose.

 

24.HERO JOINS HANDS WITH TAIWAN’S GOGORO

•      Hero MotoCorp has formed a partnership with Taiwan’s Gogoro Inc to develop electric vehicles for the Indian market.

•      The two companies will establish a battery swapping joint venture to bring Gogoro’s battery swapping platform to India and will collaborate on EV development to bring Hero-branded, powered-by-Gogoro Network vehicles to the domestic auto market.

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DAILY GK : 20,21 APRIL 2021

DAILY GK : 20,21 APRIL 2021

1.“CITIES COMBATING PLASTIC ENTERING THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT”

•      Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs(MoHUA), Government of India and German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety signed an agreement titled “Cities Combating Plastic Entering the Marine Environment” on Technical cooperation over a virtual event in New Delhi.

•      GIZ India signed the agreement on behalf of the government of Germany.

 

2.INCOME-TAX NEW DISPUTE RESOLUTION SYSTEM

•      Finance ministry notified the rules for winding up of the Settlement Commission which handled income tax and wealth tax disputes, effective 1 February 2021.

•      It will be replaced by a new dispute resolution system with assessing taxable income up to Rs 50 lakh and disputed income of up to Rs 10 lakh.

•      Powers of Settlement Commission – It can grant immunity from prosecution from any income tax or wealth tax related offence and also from imposition of penalty under any central law.

 

3.INCLUSIVE INTERNET INDEX 2021

•      India has been ranked 49th out of 120 countries in the ‘Inclusive Internet Index 2021’ released by Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in partnership with Facebook.

•      India shares its rank with Thailand.

•      The Top 3 countries are – Sweden, United States, Spain.

•      The report is commissioned by Facebook and conducted by EIU ranks countries based on Internet availability, affordability, relevance and readiness of people to use it.

 

4.SPECIAL FORCE EXERCISE ‘KHANJAR’

•      The 8th Edition of India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Force Military Exercise, ‘Khanjar’ was inaugurated on April 16, 2021.

•      The exercise is taking place at the Special Forces Brigade of National Guards of Kyrgyz Republic in Bishkek, Capital of Kyrgyzstan.

 

5.‘ARMY CHIEFS’ CONCLAVE’ IN BANGLADESH

•      Indian Army Chief General M M Naravane attended the Army Chiefs’ Conclave during his visit to Bangladesh.

•      The Conclave was held on the sidelines of Multinational Military Exercise ‘Shantir Ogroshena 2021’ (Front Runner of Peace) held at Bangabandhu Senanibas (BBS), Bangladesh.

•      During the conclave, Naravane delivered a keynote address on ‘Changing Nature of Global Conflicts: Role of UN Peacekeepers’.

 

6.LIC PARTNERS WITH PAYTM FOR HANDLING E-PAYMENTS

•      India’s Largest Insurer, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) of India has appointed Paytm to carry out its digital transactions.

•      The partnership aims to hope with the increasing demand of digital payment.

•      Objective – To provide an easy payment process, a broader range of payment options, and more players (wallets, banks, etc) in payment channels to the customers of LIC.

 

7.3RD INDIAN CONGLOMERATE TO CROSS 100 BILLION USD MCAP

•      Adani Group became the 3rd indian conglomerate to cross 100 billion USD in market capitalization(mcap).

•      On 6th April the total mcap of the 6 listed companies of Adani Group at the close of trading was Rs.7.84 lakh crore(106.8 billion USD).

•      The other 2 indian conglomerates to cross 100 billion mcap are Tata Group and Reliance Industries limited.

 

8.ASIAN WRESTLING CHAMPIONS 2021

•      India bagged 14 Medals (5 Gold, 3 Silver, 6 Bronze) in the 2021 Asian Wrestling Championships held at Almaty, Kazakhstan from April 13-18, 2021.

•      It is the 34th edition of the Asian Wrestling Championships.

•      Iran & Kazakhstan both finished at the Top Position with 17 Medals each.

 

9.EMILIA ROMAGNA GRAND PRIX 2021

•      Red Bull Racing’s Max Verstappen (Netherlands) won the 2021 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix held in Imola, Italy.

•      Mercedes Driver Lewis Hamilton (Britain) finished in Second Place while Mclaren’s  Lando Norris finished Third Place.

 

10.INTERNATIONAL DAY FOR MONUMENTS AND SITES

•      International Day for Monuments and Sites is annually observed across the globe on 18th April to preserve human heritage which has ancient importance and to recognise the endeavours of the organisations which are working for it.

•      In many countries the day is celebrated as – World Heritage Day.

•      The Theme of the International Day for Monuments and Sites 2021 is ‘Complex Pasts: Diverse Futures’.

 

11.WORLD LIVER DAY 2021

•      World Liver Day is annually observed across the globe on 19th April to create awareness about the importance of liver and liver related diseases. The day aims to inform the general public about liver infections and to provide timely treatment for the preventable illness.

 

12.WMO REPORT ON CYCLONE AMPHAN OF 2020

•      According to the ‘State of the Global Climate 2020’ released by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Cyclone Amphan which made Landfall in the India-Bangladesh border in May 2020 caused Economic losses of  ~ USD 14 Billion (~Rs. 1.5 Lakh Crore)  to India.

•      It was the costliest tropical cyclone on record for the North Indian Ocean.

•      Due to the cyclone around 2.4 Million People were displaced in India (mostly in West Bengal and Odisha) & 2.5 Million in Bangladesh.

 

13.IEA REPORT ON GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS

•      According to ‘Global Energy Review 2021’ released by International Energy Agency (IEA), Global CO2 emissions are set to touch 33 Billion Tonnes in 2021, an increase of 5% compared to 2020 Levels (up by 1.5 Billion Tonnes from 2020). 

•      It is the 2nd Largest increase in  emissions ever.

•      The major reason for increase in CO2 emissions is due to rise in Coal demands. Coal is set to grow by 4.5% in 2021.

•      Electricity demand is expected to increase by 4.5% in 2021, or over 1000 TWh (Terawatt-hours).

 

14.SUDARSHAN SEN TO REVIEW WORKING OF ARCS

•      The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) set up a 6 member committee to evaluate the role of Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) in stressed debt resolution and review their business model.

•      The committee will be headed by Sudarshan Sen, former executive director, RBI.

•      ARCs are registered under RBI and regulated under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002.

15.1ST COMPANY TO CROSS BILLION TRANSACTIONS IN UPI

•      PhonePe,a Bengaluru based digital payments and financial services company has become the first company to cross 1 billion transactions on Unified Payment Interface(UPI).

•      The company has crossed over 1.3 billion transactions on its platform across payment offerings of wallet,cards and UPI in March 2021.

•      PhonePe has seen a growth in UPI transactions to 975.53 million in February 2021 from 902.03  million in December 2020.

 

16.NEW PRIME MINISTER OF SOUTH KOREA

•      Moon Jae-in, President of South Korea nominated Kim Boo-kyum, the former Minister of the Interior and Safety as the new Prime Minister (PM) of South Korea.

•      Kim Boo-kyum will be the 3rd PM under the government headed by President Moon Jae-in.

 

17.1ST HELICOPTER TO TAKE CONTROLLED FLIGHT ON MARS

•      ‘Ingenuity’, the experimental Mars helicopter of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) became the first helicopter to take powered, controlled flight on another planet(Mars).

•      This is hailed as a Wright Brother Moment.

 

18.ICC MEN’S T20 WORLD CUP FINAL

•      The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has selected the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad to host the finals of the 7th International Cricket Council (ICC) Men’s T2O World Cup in November 2021.

•      It has shortlisted eight venues to host the tournament of 2021 (October-November, 2021) which includes Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Dharamshala.

 

19.DEVELOPER OF PDF PASSED AWAY AT 81

•      Computer Scientist, Charles Geschke, the co-founder of Adobe, who developed Portable Document Format(PDF) passed away at the age of 81 in San Francisco, Los Altos, United States(US).He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.

•      He worked at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Centre and in 1982, he founded Adobe, along with John Warnock, his colleague from Xerox.

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