GK SERIES FOR SSC,IAS,PCS,HAS,HCS
AND OTHER COMPETITIVE EXAMS
(HISTORY-11)
BUDDHISM
Founder- Gautam
Buddha
·
He
was born in 563 BC at Kapilvastu in Lumbini.
·
Father
- ’Sudhodhana’; Mother - ‘Mahamaya’; Maternal Aunt - 'Gautami'; Wife - 'Yashodhara'
(who is also known as Bimba and Gopa); Son - 'Rahul'.
·
Buddha
left his place at the age of 29 and became a monk on the banks of river ‘Anoma’.
·
His
two teachers were 'Alaraklama' and 'Sudrakaramputra'.
·
Buddha
achieved salvation at the age of 35 at a place called Bodh Gaya under a Peepal
tree on the banks of river ‘Niranjana’. After this incident, he became famous
as Tathagat or Buddha.
·
He
delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.
·
His
main followers were Bimbisara, Prasenjit, Ajatasatru and Udayin. These were
rulers. Besides them, other important were Upali and Ananda.
·
Buddha
made two shudra disciples - Tapsus and Kallika.
·
Buddha
died in 483 BC at Kushinagar on banks of river Hiranyawati.
Incidents related to his life:
·
‘Mahabhinishkarmana’ - when
he left his home in search of truth.
·
'Nirvana' - when he
achieved salvation.
·
‘Dharamchakraparivartin’ - when he delivered his first sermon.
·
‘Mahaparinirvana’
- when he died in 483 BC.
The Tri-Ratnas of Buddhism were:
1)
Buddha
2)
Dhamma
3)
Sangha
·
Buddha
propounded the theory of eight fold path for achievement of Nirvana .It included:
1.
Right
Vision.
2.
Right
Aim
3.
Right
Speech
4.
Right
Action
5.
Right
Faith
6.
Right
Exercise
7.
Right
Concentration/Memory
8.
Right
Knowledge.
This path has been defined by Buddha as ‘Middle path’.
·
Buddha
was fed his last meal by ‘Kanda’.
·
A
cow named as ‘Sujata’ used to serve Buddha.
·
‘Kanthak’
was the name of horse of Buddha.
·
‘Angulimaal’
was a famous dacoit who embraced Buddhism.
·
‘Amarpali’
was a famous dancer who embraced Buddhism.
·
The
‘Ashtmahasthana’ which includes
Lumbini, Gaya, Sarnath, Sravasti, Vaishali, Rajgir, Sankasya, Kushinagar are
eight important places associated to Buddhism.
·
BuddhPurnima is important because same day, Buddha was born, gained
salvation and died.
·
There
are different symbols for different incidents of Buddha’s life:
1.
Bull and lotus for Birth.
2.
Horse for Mahabhanishkarmana.
3.
‘Peeple’ represents Knowledge.
4.
Footprint represents Nirvana.
5.
‘Stupa’ represents Mahaparinirvana.
·
Three
important buildings of Buddhism are:
Chaityas were the places of worship of the Buddhist
monks.
Viharas were the monasteries where monks stayed.
Stupas were meant for keeping relics of Buddhist
monks.
·
Tripitakas
are the religious texts of Budhism.
·
Wheel
is the religious symbol of Budhism.
·
Abstinance from harming living beings,
stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and intoxication are the five truths of
Budhism.
BUDDHIST COUNCILS:
|
S.NO
|
PLACE
|
PATRONIZATION
|
PRESIDED BY
|
ACHIEVEMENT
|
|
1.
|
Rajgir
(483 BC)
|
Ajatashatru
|
Mahakshapa
|
Compilation of sermons of Buddha inti
Suttapitaka and Vinaypitaka.
|
|
2.
|
Vaishali (383 BC)
|
Kalasoka
|
Sabakami
|
Buddhism divided into Sthavirvardins
&Mahasangikas.
|
|
3.
|
Pataliputra (251 BC)
|
Ashoka
|
Mogaliputra Tissa
|
Compilation of Abidhampitaka.
|
|
4.
|
Kundalvan (72 AD)
Jalandhar (as per Ceylonese
chronicles)
|
Kanishka
|
Ashvagosha
|
Division of Buddhism into Hinayana
& Mahayana.
|
