DAILY GK 3-4 JAN 2026

 DAILY GK 3-4 JAN 2026

1.       BEST INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN 2025

·         Singapore Changi Airport (SIN) was awarded the Best International Airport by Travel+Leisure India & South Asia, as part of the 14th edition of India’s Best Awards.

·         The Changi Airport, established in 1981, is equipped with indoor gardens and attractions such as Jewel Changi with Rain Vortex, world’s tallest indoor waterfall and butterfly gardens.

 


2.       HURUN INDIA RICH LIST 2025

·         Indian-Origin and British-Born JayshreeUllal, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Arista Networks, was named the wealthiest Indian-Origin professional manager or executive on the ‘Hurun India Rich List 2025’ with an estimated net worth of USD 5.7 billion (approximately Rs. 50,170 crores).

·         With this achievement, she has overtaken prominent Indian-origin technology leaders, including Google CEO SundarPichai and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, in terms of personal wealth rankings within the global tech sector.

 

3.       YOUNGEST INDIAN TO SKI TO SOUTH POLE

·         Eighteen-year-old Kaamya Karthikeyan, Skier from Mumbai, became the youngest Indian and second-youngest woman in the world to ski to the South Pole of 2,385 meter (m), after trekking 115 Kilometer(km) in -30°C(degree Celsius) temperatures.

·         In 2019, she became the youngest girl to scale Aconcagua (Argentina) of 6,962 m, the highest peak in South Africa.

·         In 2023, she became the youngest Indian to summit Mount (Mt) Everest from the Nepal side.

·         In 2024 and 2025, she completed the seven summits challenge.

 

4.       WORLD RAPID AND BLITZ CHESS CHAMPIONSHIPS

·         The 27th edition FIDE World Rapid and Blitz Chess Championship 2025 held at Sports and Events Complex, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

·         Norwegian chess Grandmaster (GM) Magnus Carlsen clinched his sixth World Rapid championship title in the Open category, while Russian GM Aleksandra Goryachkina from Russia took the maiden FIDE Women’s World Rapid Championship.

·         GM Magnus Carlsen clinched his ninth World Blitz Championship title in the Open category, while in the women’s section, Bibisara Assaubayeva of Kazakhstan won the FIDE Women’s World Blitz Championship 2025.

·         FIDE Headquarters – Lausanne, Switzerland.

 

5.       BOOK-MAHAMANA VANGMAY

·         Vice President (VP) of India, C.P. Radhakrishnan released the book titled ‘MahamanaVangmay: The Collected Works of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya’, the second series of the monumental compilation of the writings and speeches of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya.

·         Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was born on 25 December 1861 in Allahabad (Present Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh (UP). He was popularly called “Mahamana” for his spiritual and moral stature.

·         He was the founder of Banaras Hindu University (BHU).

·         In 2015, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna (Posthumous), India’s highest civilian award, for his contributions in the field of Public Affairs.

 

6.       INDIA RANKS 3RD IN RARE EARTH RESERVES

·         India ranked 3rd in Rare Earth reserves with 6.9 million tonnes (MT) of Rare Earth Oxide (REO) reserves, accounting for around 6 to 7% of global reserves, in a report released by Amicus Growth.

·         China ranked first with 44 MT of REO and Brazil (approximately 21 MT) secured second place.

·         Rare earth elements are a group of 17 metallic elements with unique magnetic, optical, and chemical properties and are high-grade, economically extractable deposits.

·         In 2024, India produced around 2,900 tonnes, which is less than 1% of global production, placing it 7th globally. China produced about 270,000 tonnes in 2024, securing first place.

·         The USA produced 45,000 tonnes and secured second place.

 

7.       SEBI SIMPLIFIES THE PROCEDURE FOR ISSUING DUPLICATE SECURITIES

·         The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) simplified the procedure of issuance of duplicate securities by increasing the threshold and easing the documentation requirements.

·         The regulator has doubled the monetary threshold for simplified documentation from Rs 5 lakh to Rs 10 lakh, making the process faster, more efficient and investor-friendly.

·         This implies that investors holding securities valued up to Rs 10 lakh will now be required to submit fewer documents.

·         The SEBI, a market regulator was constituted as a non-statutory body on April 12,1988 through a resolution of the Government of India (GoI) and was established as a statutory body in 1992.

·         Chairman – Tuhin Kanta Pandey

·         Headquarters – Mumbai

 

8.       RBI RELEASED THE REPORT ON TREND AND PROGRESS OF BANKING IN INDIA 2024-25

·         The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the “Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2024-25”, under the Section 36(2) of the Banking Regulation Act (BRA), 1949.

·          At end of Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), India’s commercial banking sector consisted of 12 Public Sector Banks (PSBs), 21 Private Sector Banks (PVBs), 44 foreign banks (FBs), 11 Small Finance Banks (SFBs), six payments banks (PBs), 43 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), and two Local Area Banks(LABs).

·         The consolidated balance sheet of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) (excluding RRBs) increased by 11.2% during FY25 as compared with 15.5% during FY24.

·         On the assets side, bank credit and investments increased by 11.5% and 9.2%, respectively, in FY25.

·         The share of PSBs in the consolidated balance sheet of SCBs declined to 54.9% at End-March 2025 from 55.2% the previous year.

·         During the first half of Financial Year 2025–26 (FY26) (April–September), the number of reported bank fraud cases declined to 5,092.

·         However, despite the reduction in incidents, the total amount involved in these frauds increased by 30% to Rs 21,515 crore (Cr).

 

9.       SEBI MANDATES NISM CERTIFICATION FOR AIF COMPLIANCE OFFICERS

·         The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBImandated that compliance officers of Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) managers must obtain certification from the National Institute of Securities Markets (NISM) by passing the NISM Series-III-C: Securities Intermediaries Compliance (Fund) Certification Examination, effective from January 1, 2027.

·         From January 1, 2027, only individuals who have cleared the NISM Series-III-C certification examination will be eligible to be appointed as, or continue to serve as, compliance officers of AIF managers.

·         AIF managers and existing compliance officers are advised to proactively register for and complete the NISM Series-III-C certification examination well ahead of the January 1, 2027 deadline.

·         In parallel, firms should update their internal compliance frameworks, policies, and reporting systems to incorporate the new certification requirement in compliance records and annual reports.

 

10.    INDIA BECOME WORLD’S 4TH LARGEST ECONOMY

·         The Government of India (GoI) announced that India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s 4th largest economy with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) valued at USD 4.18 trillion.

·         With this, India now lags behind only the United States of America (USA) which continues to be the world’s largest economy, followed by China (2nd) and Germany (3rd).

·         As per the GoI’s official data, India’s real GDP has increased by 8.2% in 2nd Quarter (Q2: July-September) of Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26).

·         As of November 2025, India’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 686.2 billion, providing a strong import cover of over 11 months.

·         Current Account Deficit (CAD) moderated from 2.2% of GDP in Q2 FY25 to 1.3% in Q2 FY26.

·         Inward remittances rose by 10.7% year-on-year in Q2 FY 2025-26.

·         Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): From April to September 2025, Gross FDI grew 19.4% to USD 51.8 billion.

 

11.    RBI ISSUES GUIDELINES ON RISK WEIGHTING FRAMEWORK FOR EXPOSURE OF NBFC TO INFRASTRUCTURE LOANS

·         The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the final guidelines relaxing the risk-weight norms for Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) involved in the infrastructure financing.

·         Grace Period: In case of exposures attracting a lower risk weight under the extant guidelines but will be subject to higher risk weights under these Directions, NBFCs can continue to maintain the extant risk weights till the next review / renewal or March 31, 2027, whichever is earlier.

·         Under the revised guidelines, the NBFC exposures will now become eligible for 75% risk weight once 2% of the originally sanctioned project debt has been repaid.

·         Similarly, the 50% risk weight will be applied once 5% of the project debt is repaid, compared with the earlier 10% threshold.

 

12.    SEBI GETS PHASED CAPITAL, REVENUE AND COMPLIANCE TIMELINES FOR MERCHANT BANKERS

·         The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) notified phased rollout of a revised net worth requirement for existing Merchant Bankers (MBs) including higher capital adequacy, liquid net worth, underwriting limits, among others.

·         The new framework was introduced by amending the SEBI (Merchant Bankers) Regulations, 1992.

·         The Category-I merchant bankers are required to maintain a minimum net worth of Rs 25 crore by January 02, 2027 and double of this amount (Rs 50 crore) by January 02, 2028. 

·         In addition to that, they are also required to maintain Liquid Net Worth (LNW) of Rs 6.25 crore (by January 02, 2027) and Rs 12.5 crore (by January 02, 2028).

·         Similarly, the Category-II merchant bankers are also required to maintain Rs 7.5 crore and Rs 10 crore in net worth across two phases

·         SEBI has mandated that total underwriting obligations should not exceed 20 times a merchant banker’s liquid net worth, while, it has given two years’ transition period to the existing bankers to comply with this new rule.

·         SEBI has mandated all MBs to generate minimum revenue requirement from permitted activities, for instance: Rs 25 crore for Category-I and Rs 5 crore for Category-II, over a period of 3 years, failing of which could result in the cancellation of registration.

 

13.    WORLD BRAILLE DAY 2026 – JANUARY 4

·         The United Nations (UN’s) World Braille Day is observed annually across the globe on 4th January to mark the birth anniversary of Louis Braille and underscores the importance of the Braille system for the visually impaired.

·         The day honors the pioneering work of Louis Braille, who created the Braille system at the age of 15 in 1824.
The first World Braille Day was observed on January 4, 2019.

·         Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809, in Coupvray, France, and lost his eyesight completely by the age of 5 following an eye injury sustained at 3.

·         Inspired at age 12 by Charles Barbier’s “night writing,” he developed the Braille system, which he first published in 1829 in his book Method of Writing Words, Music, and Plain Songs by Means of Dots for the blind.

·         In 2005, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) officially declared Braille to be as legitimate a language as any other.